![]() Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a vein and can be related to a septic condition. ![]() Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) that is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. ![]() If it isn't, the recommended treatment is less clear. If it does, then anticoagulation is recommended as part of the treatment plan. Therefore, it is important to ascertain whether or not an above-the-knee superficial thrombophlebitis occurs with a deep venous clot (via Duplex ultrasound). As such, dislodgement of the deeper clot can cause a life-threatening pulmonary embolus. Above-the-knee superficial thrombophlebitis is commonly associated with deep venous thrombus. Below-the-knee superficial thrombophlebitis is usually treated with NSAIDs, compressive support and leg elevation. The key to treatment is driven by where the disorder is located. Evaluation usually includes Doppler ultrasonography and blood clotting studies. Causes include a predilection to clotting, vein injury, incompetent venous valves (varicosity), Behcet's syndrome and prolonged travel or immobility. ymptoms include painful, palpable cord-like veins, distal edema and possibly localized erythema. These commonly occur in the superficial veins of the lower extremities, whereas, deep venous thrombosus (DVT) is the term used when a clot lodges in the deep veins. Thrombophlebitis is vein inflammation due to thrombus (blood clot). ROSH: Phlebitis is the counterpart to vasculitis, in that phlebitis is inflammation of a vein. Steroids are controversial - may increase recurrences (always AVOID on exams!).Colchicine: decreases duration of symptoms and frequency of recurrences.Treat underlying cause (for uremia, bacterial infection).High-dose ASA or NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen) for 1-3 weeks (for idiopathic, viral infection).Symptoms of tamponade are not seen in this patient (dyspnea, elevated jugular venous pressure, hypotension, paradoxical pulse, and muffled heart sounds). If this pericarditis progressed to tamponade, pericardiocentesis would be indicated. Exam Master: Most cases are due to viral infections with the treatment being rest and non-steroidal agents, e.g. PA EASY: Transthoracic echocardiography, would allow for monitoring of a patient with acute pericarditis, to determine if a pericardial effusion and/or cardiac tamponade develops. Drainage and antibiotics are usually necessary if an infectious etiology is found. ROSH: Treatment includes NSAIDs, corticosteroids and colchicine.
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